亚麻籽和亚麻籽油理化特性及组成分析

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Composition Analysis of the Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil

本文以五个品种亚麻籽为原料，分析和研究不同品种亚麻籽油的基本理化指标、脂肪酸分布、甘三酯组成，测定了亚麻籽及油中木脂素含量以及亚麻籽油中维生素E含量。结果表明：亚麻籽中粗脂肪含量为45%左右，油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，主要为亚麻酸（C18：3/Ln），相对含量为49.20%~55.43%，其次是油酸（C18：1/O），相对含量18.69%~28.21%，亚油酸（C18：2/L）相对含量为10.85%~16.73%，总不饱和脂肪酸含量达到88%以上；亚麻籽油中主要的甘三酯为OLnLn（17.27%~20.50%）和LnLnLn（11.91%~17.02%）；高效液相色谱法测定亚麻籽油中维生素E含量均达到6.59mg/（100g）以上；采用紫外可见分光光度计法分析测定亚麻籽和亚麻籽油中木脂素（SDG）的含量，分别为1.53%~3.69%和0.03%~0.22%。

This paper used five kinds of flaxseeds as material, and studied the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, content of lignans of both flaxseeds and flaxseed oils, and the content of tocopherol of the flaxseed oils. The results showed that the flaxseeds contained about 45 % crude oil. The flaxseed oils were all rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The content of linolenic acid （C18： 3/Ln） was highest with the relative content of 49.20%-55.43%, followed by oleic acid（ C18： 1/O） with the relative content of 18.69%-28.21%, and the linoleic acid（ C18： 2/L） with the relative content of 0.85%- 16.73%. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids was more than 88%. The main tricylglycerols were OLnLn（ 17.27%-20.50% ） and LnLnLn（ 11.91%-17.02% ） ; the γ- tocopherol of five varieties flaxseed oils were analyzed with HPLC and the content was more than 6.59 mg/100g; The lignan contents of five varieties flaxseed and its oils were determined by UV - Vis spectrophotometer method, and the contents were in the range of 1.53%-3.69% and 0. 03%-0. 22% , respectively.