略论中国学术话语体系的历史源流

On the Origin of Chinese Academic Discourse System

话语是思想理念的语言表达,是传播给舆论场并影响甚或控制其受众思想理念的行为过程,是不同的意识形态主体之间或相异的学术派别之间的博弈方式或交往方式。伴随中国思想史的展开,中国的学术话语史也绵延至今。中国古代学术话语体系,以"内以修身、外以治国"为基本内涵、"直觉理性、短言隽语"为表达方式,直到明末清初,才转向革新创进的呼吁;中国近代学术话语体系,在"西学东渐"的环境中展开,以"变革社会、振兴中华"为基本内涵、"古今联结、中西配合"为表达方式,直到中国马克思主义学术话语体系的形成,才推动了中国社会的根本性变革;中国现代学术话语体系,从新中国成立开始建构,以"观念转型、道路探索"为基本内涵、"经验清理、思想批判"为表达方式,直到"南方谈话",才明晰建构这一学术话语体系的方法论,并奠定当代学术话语体系的基础;这一当代学术话语体系,已在十八大后明确其建构方向,走上了自觉创建的道路,它在"文化复兴"和新鲜经验的学术总结的结合中,加快创造的步伐。

Discourse, as the expression of thought and ideas, is the behavioral process in which it is communicated to the field of public opinion and thus affects and manipulates its audience's thought and ideas. It is the game or communication between different ideological subjects or different academic factions. The Chinese academic discourse history has developed to this day with the development of the Chinese ideological history. China's ancient academic discourse system, with the connotation of'cultivating oneself inside and governing the state outside'and with the expression of'intuitive rationality and terse words', was not credited with innovation until the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The Chinese modern academic discourse system did not come into being until the formation of the Chinese Marxist academic discourse system, and hence the realization of the fundamental change of the Chinese society. The contemporary Chinese academic discourse system, initiated from the foundation of New China, with the basic connotation of the'transformation of concept and exploration of road'and with the expression of'experience clearance and ideological critique'was not explicitly established until Deng Xiaoping's famous address delivered in the South, thus laying the foundation of contemporary academic discourse system. And this contemporary academic discourse system has been on the right track after the 18 th National Congress of the CPC and has embarked on the self-conscious building road. Surely it will accelerate its pace in the course of China's cultural rejuvenation.