取雍去蔽、区域复兴:清末新疆建省后的丝绸之路与居民身份变化

Removing Isolation & Reviving the Frontier:The Silk Road after the Foundation of Xinjiang Province in the Qing Dynasty and the Change of Its Residents' Identity

清末中国海防崩塌、整体受辱时,左宗棠、刘锦棠西征平叛,成功收复新疆并改制建省,实现了新疆历史上首次与全国政体的同一。改制建省后的新疆以持续有效的基础设施建设和政治、经济、文化、教育等系列举措,重构了社会,促进了新疆安定发展和区域丝路复兴,使居民在人口多向大规模流动与融合中,重塑了历史记忆、重构了身份,凝聚了国家认同,为新疆在清政权分崩离析、民国战乱不休、外敌吞我山河时,未遭大乱和分裂之苦并奠定了最终统一的基础。从历史的经验看,新疆发展离不开中华一统的政治前提,无视新疆居民和社会文化多元互动共生、交融发展的历史,单一强调某种群体的身份差异,与历史不符,更会引发"重群体而远国家"的认同危机,导致狭隘、极端乃至分裂的灾祸。

In the late Qing Dynasty the coastal defense collapsed and the whole country was humiliated. Zuo Zongtang and Liu Jintang led an army to Xinjiang and put down the rebellion there. As a result Xinjiang was recovered and rebuilt as a province, gaining for the first time in history its unity of political system with the whole country. By effectively building infrastructure and taking a series of political, economic, cultural and educational initiatives, Xinjiang restructured its social stability, promoted the regional development and revived the Silk Road. By a large-scale flow and integration of population, the residents there remodeled their historical memory, and identity, strengthened their national identity. All these ensured the unity of the country in the later years. Judging from the experience of history, the development of Xinjiang is least possible without the unification of political stability. So we must guard against the peril of'valuing groups and neglecting the state and maintain the national security and social development.