毒品共同犯罪死刑适用:立场、误区与优化——从最高法院“会议纪要”及“典型案例”切入

Discretion of Death Penalty for Drug Joint Crime:Standpoints,Misunderstandings and Optimization:Starting with “Conference summaries” and “Typical Cases” Published by Supreme Court

毒品共同犯罪案件死刑的正确适用,关涉毒品治理效果的实现、司法公正理念的贯彻及刑事法律权威的塑造。最高人民法院发布的"会议纪要"及"典型案例"反映出当前该类案件死刑适用尽管呈现政策与法律并遵、法定与酌定情节并用以及责任与预防兼顾的合理立场,但依然存在着倚重相对性的"犯罪地位"、偏重提取法定情节以及固守死刑判决"人数指标"之司法误区,导致其死刑适用体现明显的程式化倾向,不利于量刑公正等目标的实现。优化这类案件的死刑适用,应遵循责任主义原则构建死刑适用的实质标准;贯通死刑的法律标准与刑事政策之鸿沟,将后者的内在精神融入对刑法第48条的理解中;还原酌定情节在死刑适用的应然效能,完整评价案件的罪责与预防必要性程度;由此实现这类案件死刑判决的适法、适当。

The accurale discretion of death penahy for drug joint erime is in close relation with the control effeet on drug crimes, tile fulfillment of judicial justice and the foundation of prestige on Criminal law. According Io the analysis of ＂eonferem!e summaries＂ and ＂typical cases＂ published by Supreme Court , it can be concluded that discretion of death peuahy for drug joint crime has the standpoints of simultaneously abiding by policy and law,considering both statu｜ory circumstances and discretionary circumstances and the combination of culpability and prevention, but it also has misunderslanding such as reliance on relative aecomplice status,preference to extracting statutory circumstances anti clinging to number index of discretion of death penalty ,thus would cause the discretion on those cases presenting a rigid tendeney.To optimize discretion of death penahy for drug joint crime, the substantial standards of discretion of death penahy shouht he established on Ihe basis of the principle of culpability.Bridge the gap between legal standards and criminal police of death penahy.Restore actual functions of discretionary circumstances in these cases ,so as to ewiluate the degree of liability and culpability completely.Thus it is to fulfill legitimacy and rationality in the discretion of dealh penahy for Ihose eases.