日本防灾公园制度的问题与对策

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of the Urban Disaster Prevention Park in Japan

创建更加安全与高效的城市是日本防灾的主流方向,而防灾公园作为灾时避难场地是城市防灾的核心组成部分。目前日本防灾公园建设存在指标体系混乱、忽视老龄群体、建设缺乏统筹、法律与管理缺位、公众参与制度失衡、社会资本投入与开发目标相悖等一系列问题。针对这些问题提出了统一指标体系、细化建筑细节、建设"区域一体化"避难体系、组建"一体两级"法律及"软性"管理系统、重塑公众参与及建立"特别区域规划"开发模式等相应的管理与保护对策。

In Japan, the goal of urban disaster prevention is to be safer and more efficient. Urban Disaster Preparation Park has become a core component of disaster refuge. But currently Urban Disaster Prevention Park has the problem in index system, involvement of aged groups, coordination of construction, absence of law and management, imbalance of public participation, contradiction between social capital input and development objectives. This paper makes such suggestions as improving index system, refining construction details, making ＂integration＂ system, forming ＂complex＂ law and ＂soft＂ manage system, rebuilding public participation and establishing ＂special regional planning＂ pattern.