典型丘陵区土地整治景观效应分析

Landscape Effect Analysis of Land Consolidation Based on Typical Hilly Region

为探讨土地整治对景观格局的影响,运用GIS技术和景观生态学理论方法,以河南省新县浒湾乡土地整理项目为例,从斑块类型水平和景观水平上选取9个景观指标,对项目区内土地整治前后的土地利用现状和景观格局变化情况进行研究。结果表明,土地利用的斑块数量减少超过50%,平均斑块面积增加超过50%,最大斑块指数和面积加权的平均形状因子分别降低12.06%和24.17%;景观水平的平均形状指数略有增加,蔓延度指数增加14.56%,Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数分别降低24.63%和18.13%。通过土地整治项目的实施,不仅有利于耕地的机械化操作和集约化经营,而且有助于提高土地利用率,增加农业效益。

In order to clarify the effects of land consolidation on landscape pattern,using GIS technology as well as theory and methods of landscape ecology,we studied landscape pattern of land consolidation. Exemplified by the land consolidation project for Xin County,we selected nine indexs and probed into the land use situation and landscape pattern before and after land consolidation. The results showed that the number of land use patches decreased by over 50%,the area of average patch increased by over 50%,the largest patch index and the areaweighted mean shape index decreased by 12. 06% and 24. 17%. The mean shape index slightly increased,and contagion index increased by14. 56%. At the same time,the Shannon＇s diversity index and evenness index reduce 24. 63% and 18. 13%. Land management is not only beneficial to the cultivated land of mechanized operation and intensive management,but also help to improve the utilization rate of land and increase agricultural efficiency.