清代木兰围场管理制度的演变与边疆治理

The evolution of Mulan Paddock's management system and the frontier regulation

康熙二十年(1681)木兰围场建立,成为清廷密切注视北部边疆的前沿阵地。其管理制度经历蒙旗初步管理、中央制度化管理、管理废弛、围场厅管理几个阶段,最后皇家围场转化为热河地方行政区划。这一演变过程与清廷对热河边疆地区的行政统辖逐步深入相伴随,构成清代边疆治理的重要内容。

Mulan Paddock was established in twenty years of Kangxi Dynasty. It became the frontier base that kept a close eye on the situation of Mongolia and northern frontier. Its management system had gone through several stages： the preliminary management of Mongolian flag, the institutionalized management, the lax management, and the Weichang Hall management. The subordinate relationship was changed from under the central government into local administration of Rehe district. This evolution process was accompanied by the Qing government＇ s administrative governance over Rehe border areas gradually in depth, which constituted an important content of frontier governance in the Qing dynasty.