毛乌素沙地生态承载力研究

The carrying capacity of Mu Us grassland

本研究基于乌审旗卫星遥感判读草地类型,将毛乌素沙地草原分为荒漠草原,典型草原,低湿地草甸草原3大草地类型。利用卫星遥感与实地测算相结合的方法测定2011-2015年乌审旗草地生产力,引入家畜调整因子与饲草调整因子计算乌审旗2015年全年以及季节性草畜平衡状态。旨在评价毛乌素沙地草原的畜牧业生产潜力,为毛乌素沙地草原的利用方式、程度提供科学合理的建议。结果显示,乌审旗草原2011-2015年草地初级生产力为419.7kg/hm^2、389.3kg/hm^2、398.3kg/hm^2、388.2kg/hm^2、447.3kg/hm^2。通过2014年和2015年7月底乌审旗野外生物量调查结果可知乌审旗2014年、2015年实测草地初级生产力为344kg/hm^2,388.2kg/hm^2。2011-2015年乌审旗草地面积为68-71万hm^2。家畜数量为100-130万SU。2015年乌审旗可利用草地的草地初级生产力为447.3kg/hm^2,全年可产牧草18万T,理论家畜承载力为25万SU。乌审旗全年实际家畜数量117.4万SU,家畜数量超载近82万SU。家畜饲草需求缺口为61.5万T。乌审旗全年草畜处于不平衡状态。一年中,1-6月草畜不平衡,在1-4月为严重缺饲草期,7-12月,乌审旗草原提供牧草产量可完全满足家畜饲草需求量。

According to the natural condition of the Mu Us Desert, the sandy land is divided into 3 types area： Desert grassland, Prairie Meadows, Typical grassland. Using the method of satellite remote sensing and field cal-culation to determine NPP in WUshenqi in 2011 - 2015. Using the adjustment factors of livestock and forage to Calculate the whole year and seasonal livestock balance in Wushenqi in 2015. The grassland of Wushenqi NPP in 2011-2015 were 369.7kg/hm^2 ,309.3 kg/hm^2 ,363.1 kg/hm^2 ,339.3 kg/hm2 .447.3 kg/hm^2. The area of grass- land was 710000hm^2. The number of livestock was 110-130 ten thousand sheep unit. Using the＂ Livestock ad- justment factor ＂ and ＂ Forage adjustment factor ＂ to calculate the balance between the grassland and the live- stock. In2015, the NPP of Wushenqi grassland was 447.3kg/hm^2, the production of forage was 180000 ton, Theoretical livestock carrying capacity was 3730000 sheep unit. The actual number of Wushenqi livestock was 11740000 sheep unit. The number of livestock was overload 800000 sheep unit. The gap of forage was 526000 ton. From January to June, the production of forage was less than the forage demand. From July to December, the production of forage was more than the forage demand.