海洋法的特性演变与中国的海洋权益——以海洋基本属性为框架的研究与建议

Evolution of the Attributes of UNCLOS and China's Marine Rights—Research and Suggestion under the Framework of the Basic Attributes of the Sea

从海洋霸权到大国政治,海权的权利转向推动了海洋法的发展。早期的霸权政治决定了传统海洋法的国内法特性和传统海权的权力属性。在大国政治和现代国际法的互动中,以1982年《联合国海洋法公约》为核心的海洋法制度对国家海洋活动的规范使大国海权具有权利属性。在这种情形下,中国海洋权利的设置和构建更加依赖于国际软实力;在广义的海洋维权实践中,海洋属性的基本构成为增强这种软实力提供了理论分析框架,也有利于中国制定有效的外交路线图。

In the historical transition from marine hegemony to power politics, the development of the sea competition to the dimension of rights promotes the evolution of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCIZ）S）. The early hegemonic politics resulted in the UNCLOS becoming an internal law and the traditional sea competition being power-based. Under the interaction of great power politics and modern international law, the marine legal system centered on the 1982 UNCLOS regulates the marine activities of nations and consequently contributes to the rights dimension of the marine competition. In this case, China＇s marine rights depend on its international soft power. In the process of China＇s protection of its marine rights in the broad sense, the logic formation of the major attributes of the sea demonstrates a theoretical analysis outline to strengthen such a soft power and also helps to formulate an effective diplomatic roadmap for China.