不同组合模式下全身垂直振动波在人体中的传递特征及影响研究

Transfer Characteristics and Effects of Vertical Whole Body Vibration under Different Combined Mode

目的：探讨振动波从平台沿人体肢段的转移规律,从而评估全身振动（WBV）训练的潜在风险,为进一步预防训练伤害提供重要参考依据.方法：17位体育教育专业的学生运动员参与本研究,接受7种频率及2种振幅等共计14种组合模式下全身垂直振动刺激,并通过三轴加速度计及Borg主观用力感知量表获取受试者身体主要肢段的相关运动学及心理学参数.结果：（1）影响振动波传递比、主观感知强度及身体反应的关键因素是频率,振幅几乎对传递比不产生影响;（2）从平台传人人体振动波主要靠膝、髋关节进行减振,以避免振动传递到上半身与头顶部,但膝关节在振频率范围13～17 Hz之间可能产生共振而无法实现膝关节减振效果;（3）低频率（≤13 Hz）下,人体头、上肢、躯干及下肢的强度感知差异不明显,中等频率（17～21Hz）则有明显改变,而≥25 Hz时,受试者下肢振动强度接近极限.结论：全身振动为避免振动刺激频率在人体共振范围内,应考虑降低振幅,同时将频率提高到20 Hz以上,这样既可以避免损伤危险,又能达到预期训练效果.

t Purpose： To explore the characteristics of transfer of vibration from platform surface to human body segment, and assess the potential risk of whole body vibration, then make some references on prevention of training injuries. Methods： Seventeen PE major college students voluntarily participated in this study, 14 combined modes whole body vibration training consisted of 7 frequencies and 2 amplitudes were performed on each participants, and kinetics and psychology parameters of main segments were acquired by three-axis accelerator and Borg scale. Results ： 1 ）the key factors of transfer ration, perception inten- sity, and physical reaction were frequency, the amplitude had hardly effects on transfer ratio, 2） the key segments of reduced vibration from platform were knee and hip joints , those can avoid the transfer of vibration to upper body and heads, however, the knee joints may cannot reduce vibration owing to produc- ing resonance at the ranges between 13-17Hz, and 3） the perception intensity differences were not observed on head, upper extremities, truck, and lower ex- tremities under lower frequencies （ ≤ 13 Hz） ; Differ significantly under medium frequencies （ 17-21Hz） ; the lower extremities vibration intensity close to limit under higher frequencies （≥25Hz）. Conclusions： In order to avoid injuries and meet the requirement of training, the whole body vibration should avoid the res- onance frequencies ranges, therefore, the amplitude should be reduced and the frequencies should be reached above 20Hz.