国际足联腐败案冲击下体育自治的反思与完善

The Rethink and Improvement of Challenge for Sports Autonomy under the Case of FIFA Corruptions

近几十年,国际足联伴随足球政治化和商业化的进程,建立了自己的足球商业帝国,形成了权力高度集中的自治管理体系,巩固了其在足球领域的垄断地位。2015年,国际足联腐败案爆发,在外面司法权的强力介入下,国际足联高度垄断下导致的内部管理运行机制失当、自治成效低下的弊端,尽显无遗。以国际足联腐败案对自治体系的冲击为研究视角,分析国际足联垄断地位和高度自治权形成的原因,指出:权力高度垄断致使国际足联在内部管理架构设置以及权力分配上严重失衡,缺乏监督,最终导致其自治管理模式受到冲击。此次国内司法机关介入国际足联腐败案,以刑事司法权和最低联系标准为管辖权行使的主要根据,依托国家和公共利益标准,寻求司法协助。在司法介入体育自治、司法管辖权行使、引渡等一系列法律问题上,均进行了卓有成效的尝试。面对国际足联腐败案给体育自治管理体系带来的冲击,国际体育组织应积极反思,净化自治规则,提升自治规则的法治化程度,增强自治权行使的自制力和合法性。唯此,方能有效协调体育自治与外部司法,完善体育自治。

In the past decades ＇ years, FIFA has been forming a power-centralizedsystem. Along with some executives of FIFA were arrested and prosecuted for corruption, some disadvantages of autonomy under highly improper monopoly was revealed, such as low self-effectiveness and unbalance between autono- my and legal system. This paper focused on the impact of FIFA corruption cases on autonomous system of sports organizations, analyzed the defects of FIFA governance systems and the way of judicial intervention, which involves a series of legal issues include judicial intervention, jurisdiction, extradition, and so on. At last, it points out： the valid and efficient way to coordinate sports autonomy and judicial intervention is to improve the autonomy rules and enhance the self-control and legalization level of sports autonomy.