聚磷酸铵/纳米SiO_2阻燃水稻秸秆/聚乙烯复合材料的研究

Study on APP/rice straw/nano silica/HDPE composite

采用聚磷酸铵(APP)与纳米SiO_2阻燃水稻秸秆/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)木塑复合材料,通过力学性能、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜等研究了复合材料的界面,力学,阻燃性能及热降解行为。研究结果表明,当添加17%(wt,质量分数,下同)的APP与3%的纳米SiO_2时达到V-0级,极限氧指数提高了30.8%。拉伸强度提高了42.8%,弯曲强度提高51.9%,冲击强度提高了73.9%。TGA与SEM研究表明,APP与纳米SiO_2对木塑复合材料具有阻燃协效效应,APP使秸秆粉碳化同时膨胀发泡,纳米SiO_2加固炭层是阻燃的主要原因。

The compound of ammonium polyphosphate and nano-silica was used to do flame retardant treatment on the composites of rice straw and HDPE. The data of interface, mechanics,flame retardant properties and thermal degrada- tion of composites were obtained by means of mechanical testing machine, limited oxygen index （LOI）, vertical burning thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscope （SEM）, et al. When the amount of APP and nano-silica were 17wt. % and 3wt. % respectively, the LOI value improve 30.8%, UL-94 reached V-0 rating, in addition, the tensile strength,flexural strength and impact strength improved respectively 42.8%, 51.9% and 73.9%. TGA and SEM studies showed that nano silica and APP can give a synergistic effect of fire retardation on wood plastic composites （WPC）,APP can make straw powder carbonization,while promoting the expansion of foam. The strengthening effect of nano-silicon on the carbon layer was also the main reason for improving the flame resistance of material.