西部生态脆弱矿区地下水对高强度采煤的响应

Groundwater response to intensive mining in ecologically fragile area

为研究榆神府矿区高强度煤层开采对地下水的影响,分析潜水位下降与煤层开采强度的关系,通过资料收集和实地调查两种方法,获取了矿区煤炭资源大规模开采前(1995年)地下水位和煤炭开采后(2014年)地下水位,2者叠加后求取了地下水位变化幅度,并与开采强度分区进行耦合,分析地下水位变化与开采强度的关系。研究区73.0%的区域地下水位未发生明显变化,但有7.3%区域地下水位下降幅度超过8 m,尽管比例小,但面积达758.9 km2,对区域地下水均衡产生了较大影响;高开采强度开采是矿区地下水位下降的主要驱动因素,71.5%的水位明显下降区(>8 m)是由高强煤层开采导致的。导水裂隙带和含水层特征是煤层开采过程中控制地下水位变化幅度和范围的关键所在。高强度煤层开采区必须推行保水采煤技术才能达到资源与环境和谐发展的目的。

In order to study the influence of high intensity coal mining on the groundwaterlevel in Yu-shen-fu area,and analyze the relationship between phreatic decline and coal mining intensity,authors draw the groundwater level contour map in 1995 and 2014 through data collection and field investigation,then obtained the groundwater level variation and the relationship of mutual-feed joint-variation with coal mining intensity through map overlapping. The results indicate that： 1 73. 0% of regional groundwater level does not change significantly,but there are 758. 9 km2 where the groundwater level lowers more than 8 m,accounts for 7. 3% of the study area,thus it has a large impact on the regional groundwater balance. 2 The high intensity coal mining is the main driving force that causes the groundwater level decline more than 8 m,71. 5% of which is concerned with mining scale. 3 Water flowing fracture zone and aquifer characteristics are two factors to control the range and degree of groundwater level variation. Coal mining with water-containing is extremely important to achieve the harmonious development of resources and environment.