“合该”语义及用法流变考察

The Semantic and Snytatic Evolution of Hegai(合该)

本文考察了"合该"自宋代出现以来词义和用法发展演变的过程,探讨了它逐渐衰落的动因。宋元时期"合该"多用于史书、政府文书、科技文书等书面正式语体,表示经过计算或核准后所得出的结论,或符合客观事实、社会规约、法律规定的事态发展趋势或结果,相当于"应该""理应"。明清时期,"合该"大量出现在小说中,主观性增强,至迟从明代开始基本可以认定为语气副词。其在现代汉语中的衰落应该是受"应该""活该"排挤的结果。

This paper mainly focuses on the semantic and syntactic evolution of hegai(合该)since it's firstly found in Song dynasty and discusses possible reasons of its vanishing.In Song dynasty,hegai had the same meaning as yinggai(应该)or liying(理应),and was mainly used in historical,political and scientific books.It means conclusions made by calculation or inference and also represents tendencies or results accord with objective facts,social rules and laws.There appeared a profusion of hegai in novels of Ming and Qing dynasties,of which the subjectivity was greatly increased.hegai has evolved into a modal adverb in Qing dynasty at the latest.