入侵植物对根际土壤微生物群落影响的研究进展

Review on the influence of alien invasion species on soil microorganisms

入侵植物根际土壤微生物是地下生态系统的重要组成部分。外来植物入侵到新的栖息地后能够促进其根际土壤微生物群落结构的演替、改变土壤理化性质,强化微生物群落功能的发挥,进而创造更适合外来植物生长的土壤微环境,促进外来种的入侵进程。从外来入侵植物根际土壤微生物的研究方法、外来入侵植物对根际土壤微生物群落影响以及从地下生态学对外来植物入侵的影响等方面进行了综述。土壤微生物研究方法主要包括微生物计数法、微生物生理生化指标方法及分子技术3类;入侵植物对根际土壤微生物的影响主要体现在对其生物量、多样性以及功能微生物菌群等方面。在今后的研究中,应当注重对同一区域外来入侵植物和近缘本土种、及其伴生种的根际土壤微生物进行比较研究;加强入侵植物根际微生物功能机理、环境因子与微生物间关联性的研究;同时在研究方法上应注重传统方法与生物标记法及其与分子技术的结合。

As one of the most important components of the underground ecosystem, soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the invasion plant play an important role in many ecological processes of invasive success of alien species. The invasion of alien species may alter soil microbial community composition and soil physical and chemical properties, promote the succession of microbial community, and create a suitable soil microenvironment for growth of alien plant, and further facilitate the invasion of alien species. In this paper, we review the research methods of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of invasive plants, the advances in influencing of alien invasive plants on microorganisms, and further analysis invasion mechanism from the perspective of underground ecology. The research methods of soil microorganisms mainly include microorganisms counting method, physiological and biochemical indexes method, and molecular technique. The effects of alien invasive species on soil microorganisms are mainly represented by the increasing or decreasing in biomass or quantity, diversity, and functional microbes, etc. Finally, further studies should be focused on the comparative study of the soil microbes between alien invasive and native species, and their associated specie, as well as the mechanisms of microorganism functions, the correlation between environmental factors and microorganism, and combination of traditional methods with biomarkers and molecular techniques.