中国农业农村人才:概念界定、政策变迁和实践探索

Talents in Agriculture and Rural Areas in China: Concept Definition,Policy Evolution and Practical Explorations

农业和农村的现代化发展离不开各类人才的支撑。本文将目前农村实用人才、农业科技人才、新型职业农民和乡贤等各类人才统称为农业农村人才。梳理与农业农村人才相关的14个主要政策文件,表明国家已将人才工作上升到强国战略地位,对农业农村人才也更加重视,这些不同时期的政策都是围绕当时主要经济社会发展任务展开的,当前政策则以为农业现代化提供各类人才为目标。对乡村教师、卫生技术人员、新型职业农民和大学生村官等6类人才近年发展情况进行了统计分析。讨论了北京帮扶式人才培养、宁夏人才激励机制、崇州职业农民培训和安徽发挥乡贤作用等地方人才工作实践。最后给出了政策建议。

The modernization of agriculture and rural areas could not be realized without support from various kinds of talents. Talents in agriculture and rural areas are of different categories and there are diverse definitions of them. In this paper,the practical talents in rural areas,technology personnel in agriculture,new- type occupational farmers and county sages are all called talents in agriculture and rural areas. Reviewing the 14 policy documents on talents in agriculture and rural areas,it is disclosed that the country has lifted the work of talents up to the strategic level and placed more emphasis on talents in agriculture and rural areas. The policies of different periods all focus on the main tasks of economic and social development of the corresponding periods,and the current policies is aimed at providing various talents for agricultural modernization. Statistical analysis is made on the situation of 6 categories of talents,including teachers,medical personnel,new- type occupational farmers,college student village officers,and so on. Some practices of talent work are discussed,such as the cultivation of talents as assistance and support in Beijing,the talent stimulation mechanism in Ningxia,the training for occupational farmers in Chongzhou,and the functioning of county sages in Anhui. Some policy suggestions are given in the end of this paper.