生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用研究

The research progress of biofloc technology in aquaculture

传统的水产养殖模式所带来的环境污染、资源浪费和病害频发等问题已成为制约我国水产养殖业可持续发展的主要因素。生物絮团技术(BFT)具有净化水质、提高饵料利用率及病害防控等优点,被认为是有望解决上述问题的新型健康生态养殖技术,已在国内外得到一定规模的应用,并获得了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。本文重点介绍了生物絮团的形成与培养、生物絮团的主要影响因素及其在水产养殖中的应用效果。研究认为,BFT能够改良水质、节约养殖用水、降低饲料成本、提高养殖对象存活率、增加养殖产量和效益;将BFT与生物膜技术相结合,能够更有效地维持养殖水体中适宜的生物絮团含量,避免生物絮团的过量沉积,并能提高水质改良及增产增收的应用效果,具有广阔的应用前景。

Problems such as environmental pollution, waste of resources and frequent occurrence of diseasesbrought in by conventional aquaculture modes have become the major factors restricting the sustainabledevelopment of aquaculture in China. Biofloc Technology has the advantages of improving water quality,increasing feed utilization efficiency, preventing disease etc., and is expected to be a new mode of healthy andecological aquaculture technique to solve the above problems. It has been applied to some extent in the worldalong with good economic, social and ecological benefits. This paper mainly introduced and discussed bioflocformation and cultivation, the main factors influencing biofloc and its application in aquaculture, based onwhich, it was believed that biofloc technology can improve water quality, save water, reduce feed cost, raisethe survival rate of culture species, increase yield and the overall benefit of aquaculture; what’ s more, thecombination of biofilm and biofloc technologies would better help to effectively maintain the concentration ofdesirable bioflocs, avoid excessive deposition of bioflocs, improve water quality and increase yield, and thuswould have broad application prospects.