“持有型犯罪”的规范考察

Possession Offenses in the Angle of Norm Theory

持有型犯罪具有作为与不作为的双重机能,但无论如何,其目标都是在于严密法网,扩大犯罪圈。作为意义上的持有型犯罪将处罚的重点落在非法取得特定物品的途径上,减轻证明责任,严密刑事法网。不作为意义上的持有型犯罪不仅处罚事实上的持有,而且对规范上没有合理处置特定物品的行为绳以刑法。持有型犯罪虽然多为抽象危险犯,但在入罪条件上必须要求法益侵害的发生,具体而言,对国家管控物品持有所侵害的法益是国家的管控,而对非国家管控物持有的处罚根据在于流通与使用的可能性,二者的区分影响构成要件的解释。持有型犯罪的主观故意应当从一般人为视角的规范上理解。

Possession offenses have both side of behavior and omission,but their goals are both the strict of law and ex-pansion of criminal ring. Possession offenses in the angle of behavior punishes the act of the obtaining of certain ob-jects to lower the responsibility of proving and tightening the punishment. Possession offenses in the angle of omission not only punish the act condition of possession in fact,but also the act not deal withe the objects correctly. Possession offenses are mostly abstract dangerous crime,but the offense to legal interests is needed to the components. The legal interest of possessing objects in the power of the country is the power to certain objects. The legal interest of possessing objects not in the power of the country is the probability of circulation and use of certain objects,the difference be-tween them affects the explanation of components. The intent of possession offenses should be understood from the an-gle of normal people.