四川东汉墓门画像研究

A Study of the Stone Carvings on the Doors of the Eastern Han Tombs in Sichuan

四川东汉时期的墓门画像为我们研究墓门在墓葬建筑中的功能提供了重要线索。墓门的门扉、门楣和门柱画像内容各有相对侧重的主题,又共同使墓门成为在葬礼和祭祀仪式中起到重要作用的建筑结构。墓门有以下几个重要功能。第一,墓门是家族身份和地位的象征,在一定程度上建立起了墓葬建筑与实际住宅建筑之间的联系。第二,墓门是墓主人家族实现世代交替的重要场所。墓门画像寄托了对墓主人家族世代繁衍、香火兴旺的祝愿。第三,墓门是举行葬礼和祭祀仪式的重要场所。墓中的多重墓门进一步引导丧葬仪式有序进行。第四,墓门是墓外世界与死后仙境的重要分界线。墓门画像寄托了墓主人对于死后升仙的强烈愿望。

Stone carvings on tomb doors in Eastern Han dynasty give clues to the functions of tomb doors in burial architecure. Firstly, tomb doors served to testify the honor of families, linking the practical abode with the burial construction. Secondly, tomb doors played an important role in carried on the family line, with the carvings on them signifying the wishes of family prosperity. Thirdly, tomb doors served as site for burial and sacrificial rituals with specific orders. Fourthly, tomb doors were deemed as the demarcation between afterlife and reality, with the carving on the doors demonstrating the tomb occupant＇s eagerness to be immortal.