2010-2015年贵州省孕产妇艾滋病哨点监测分析

Analysis on maternal health of AIDS sentinel surveillance in Guizhou province from 2010 to 2015

目的了解贵州省孕产妇的艾滋病病毒（HIV）、梅毒、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染状况及艾滋病知识知晓率情况。方法采用现况调查的研究方法,2010-2015年每年4-7月间,在9个国家级孕产妇监测点,采用统一问卷进行调查,并检测HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体,两次检测结果均呈阳性时,即可判定监测结果阳性。对艾滋病知识知晓率及阳性检出率进行统计分析。结果共调查孕产妇21 784人。贵州省青年女性占93.04%,20-29岁占73.65%。孕产妇中有外出打工或经商史的占47.09%,其丈夫曾经外出打工或经商史的占46.90%。艾滋病知识知晓率平均为80.06%,不同年份、年龄组、民族、文化程度、孕期艾滋病知识知晓率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=73.602、χ^2=46.254、χ^2=222.622、χ^2=194.642、χ^2=59.027,P〈0.001）。各年孕产妇HIV检出率分别为0.14%、0.06%、0.05%、0.08%、0.17%、0.14%,梅毒检出率分别为0.44%、0.74%、0.74%、0.97%、1.03%、1.03%,HCV检出率分别为0.24%、0.28%、0.19%、0.28%、0.25%、0.36%,各年份间除梅毒外差异均无统计学意义（χ^2=3.801、P〉0.05,χ^2=11.973、P〈0.05,χ^2=2.110、P〉0.05）。结论贵州省HIV、梅毒、HCV的检出率趋于平稳,但由于每年外出务工青壮年较多,防控形势依然严峻,应积极开展有针对性的健康教育,提倡健康、安全性行为,减少艾滋病、性病的传播。

Objective To understand the situation of HIV/AIDS,syphilis,hepatitis C infection and HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness rate among pregnant women in Guizhou province.Methods Cross-sectional studies were conducted every year between April and July from 2010 to 2015,in the nine sites of national maternal health sentinel surveillance,with detection of HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C antibody.Diagnosis was made based on the results of two times of detection and statistical analysis was performed to know awareness rate of AIDS knowledge and the detection rates.Results Among the total number of 21 784 pregnant women,73.65% was between the ages of 20-29 years old.47.09% of them had experiences in going out for work or being engaged in business deals,and 46.90%had their spouses with the same experiences.AIDS knowledge awareness rate was 80.06% on average.The difference in years,age groups,ethnics,education levels,AIDS knowledge awareness rate during pregnancy was statistically significant（χ^2=73.602,χ^2=46.254,χ^2=222.622,χ^2=194.642,χ^2=59.027 and P〈0.001）.HIV positive rate was 0.14%,0.06%,0.05%,0.08%,0.17%,and 0.14%.Syphilis positive rate was 0.44%,0.74%,0.74%,0.97%,1.03%,and 1.03%.Hepatitis C positive rate was 0.24%,0.28%,0.19%,0.28%,0.25%and0.36% respectively.The difference except for syphilis between each year was not statistically significant（χ^2=3.801,χ^2=11.973,χ^2=2.110 and P〉0.05）.Conclusion Detection rates of HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C tend to be stable in Guizhou.However,as more young people go out for work each year,we should attach importance to AIDS prevention and control by continuing conducting health education,and advocating practice of safe sex,so as to reduce the STDs/AIDS epidemic.