网络和平——从积极和平的视角看网络安全

CYBER PEACE——Cybersecurity Through the Lens of Positive Peace

当人们听到"网络"一词时,常常会联想到安全、威胁、脆弱性、利用、入侵、攻击甚至战争。诚然,整个网络空间似乎是不安全且充满敌意的。为了理解这个空间,一些文章将其比喻为"狂野的西部"或公共健康问题,或是比喻为一个新型的"公共区域"如海洋、太空,或是一种伴随着战争的"自然状态",没有法律治理和政府管理。无论哪种比喻,学者或业内人士都提出了安全问题解决建议。对于"狂野的西部",就需要"治安官"来维持秩序。对于公共健康问题,出于他人安全考虑,必要时应采取监控、响应、隔离的措施。而对于战争,需要提升我们保护自身利益与权利的能力。

When one hears the word ＂cyber,＂ it is most often paired with one of these words： security, threats vulnerabilities, exploits, intrusions, attacks, or war. Indeed, the entire landscape of ＂cyber＂ is seen as insecure and hostile. Attempting to make sense of this space, authors invoke metaphors like the ＂Wild West,＂ 1 or something akin to public health safety conceru,2 or they analogize it as a new type of ＂public commons＂ 3 like the sea or space, or as a ＂state of nature＂ --and with it a state of war--where no law governs and anarchy reigns.4 With each metaphor or analogy, scholars and practitioners suggest ways of solving problems related to insecurity. In the case of the Wild West, we need a ＂sheriff＂ to impose order. In the public health instance, we need a way of monitoring, responding and quarantining when necessary for the safety of others. And for the public commons, we need a useful way of solving collective action problems and resource distribution and protection. When it comes to war, however we need strong capabilities to defend our interests and rights