银川市PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)污染特征分析

Characteristics of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) Pollution in Yinchuan City

将银川市2013—2015年空气污染物质量浓度值进行分析,结果表明,PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)是银川市环境空气的首要污染物。PM_(10)日均浓度的80.0%分布在30~150μg/m^3之间,PM_(2.5)日均浓度的82.4%分布在15~75μg/m^3之间。PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度值具有明显的线性关系,全年PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的比值在0.4~0.5之间。整体而言PM_(2.5)污染相对较轻,PM_(10)污染较为严重。其浓度变化具有明显的季节特征和区域特征:PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)日均浓度在冬季的超标率均最高,夏季最低;月均质量浓度变化均为1月份最大,9月份最小。银川市共6个国控环境空气质量监测点,其中城区5个城市空气质量监测点浓度不同程度地高于清洁对照点;城区内4#宁化生活区监测点各个季节PM_(10)浓度均表现为最高,5#贺兰山东路监测点PM_(2.5)浓度值有3个季节均为最高。

By analyzing the concentration of air pollutants from 2013 to 2015 in Yinchuan, it showed that the main air pollutants in Yinchuan were PM10 and PM2.5. The 80% concentration of PM10 daily average values was from 30 to150 μg/m-3, and 82.4% of the PM2.5was from 15 to 75 μg/m-3. There was an obvious linear relationship between PM10 and PM2.5. In a whole year, the ratio of PM2.5to PM10 was from 0.4 to 0.5. Overall, the pollution from PM2.5was not so serious as PM10. Its concentration change showed obvious seasonal and regional characteristics. The daily average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5reached the highest point in winter and the lowest in summer. Its monthly average mass concentrations varied the most in January, and the least in September. There were 6 air quality monitoring stations in Yinchuan, including 5 urban air quality monitoring stations where the particulate matter concentrations were higher than those in the cleaning control point in different degrees. The concentration of PM10 at 4# monitoring station of Ninghua Residence Area reached the highest point in all seasons, while the concentration of PM2.5at 5#monitoring station of Helanshan East Road reached the highest point on average in spring, summer and autumn.