基于蝴蝶结模型的管道不停输封堵作业风险控制

Risk control of plugging operation without shutting down pipelines based on bow-tie model

为了满足油气管道维抢修特种作业安全与过程风险控制需求,亟需研究管道不停输开孔封堵作业过程风险控制措施。以长庆油田采油十二厂庄西外输管道换管改线作业为例,分析管道不停输开孔封堵原理及工艺流程;采用故障树法探讨不停输开孔封堵火灾爆炸事故原因,明确作业过程风险因素,采用事件树法展现事故发展进程;建立了油气管道不停输开孔封堵火灾爆炸蝴蝶结模型;提出了管道不停输开孔封堵作业火灾爆炸事故控制措施,即消防抑爆、卡具紧急抢修、紧急关闭上游阀门、疏散与医疗救护。实际应用表明,该模型对管道不停输开孔封堵安全作业具有指导作用,对保障油气管道开孔封堵作业安全具有现实意义。

In order to guarantee safety operation and meet process risk control requirements of special operations for pipeline maintenance and repair, it is necessary to study process risk control measures for holing and plugging operations without shutting down pipelines. In this paper, the principle and technological process of holing and plugging without shutting down pipelines were analyzed with the pipe replacement and line change of Zhuangxi external transmission pipeline of the Twelfth Oil Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield as an example. Afterwards, based on fault tree analysis, the reasons for fire and explosion of holing and plugging with nonstop transmission were discussed and the risk factors in the operation process were confirmed. And accident development process was shown using the event tree method. Then, the fire and explosion bow-tie model of holing and plugging with nonstop transmission was established. Fnally, the fire and explosion control measures for holing and plugging with nonstop transmission were put forward, i.e., fire and explosion suppression, emergency repair with fixtures, emergency shutdown of upstream valves, evacuation and medical care. It is demonstrated by the practical application that this model plays a guiding role in the safe operation of holing and plugging without shutting down pipelines and is practically significant to ensure the operation safety of holing and plugging in oil and gas pipelines. （3 Figures, 11 References）