高等教育的作用依然显著吗?——美国高等教育回报研究的最新动向及启示

Is the Role of Higher Education Still Significant?——The Trends of and Reflection on Changes of Higher Education Returns in the United States

高等教育在美国社会经济发展的过程中发挥了重要作用,一方面促进了经济繁荣,发挥美国国际竞争优势,另一方面,提升个人工资水平,实现社会公平正义。然而,在高等教育大众化的背景下,美国高等教育回报存在变动问题。美国国家竞争优势呈下滑趋势,高等教育对经济增长的贡献不足,社会流动具有一定程度的限制性,大学毕业生就业不理想。通过对美国高等教育回报变动情况的研究,以期对我国高校创新创业教育发展有所启示。

Since World War II,higher education in the United States has played an important role in the process of social and economic development. It not only promotes economic prosperity and international competitive advantage,but also improves personal wages and achieves social equity and justice. However,with the popularization of higher education,higher education returns in the United States changed. The national competitive advantage has been relatively decreasing,social mobility has a certain degree of restriction,and the employment of college graduates is not favorable. The research of the changes in higher education returns of the United States will provide insights to our country.