广东省2012年就业流动人口膳食摄入状况及影响因素分析

Dietary intake and its influencing factors among employed migrant population in Guangdong Province,2012

目的了解广东省18-59岁就业流动人口膳食状况及影响因素。方法采用2012年广东省慢性病及其危险因素监测流动人口专题调查数据，根据18—59岁就业流动人口分布状况选取6个调查县（市、区），采用面对面问卷调查方法收集就业流动人群人口学特征（性别、年龄、文化程度、收入、行业等）和膳食摄入的相关信息（红肉及蔬菜水果摄入以及工作方式等）。对红肉及蔬菜水果摄入量进行描述，并采用单、多因素分析方法对相关影响因素进行分析。结果共发放调查问卷1800份，回收有效问卷1611份。调查对象中男性856人（占53．1％），女性755人（占46．9％），平均年龄（35．34±9．70）岁。以初中学历为主，有780人（占48．4％）。6大行业人群构成较为一致。月均收入以〉3000元所占比例最大，占43．6％。调查对象日均红肉摄入量为（186．08±128．88）g，红肉摄入量超标率为82．30％，日均蔬菜水果摄入量为（437．66±233．93）g，蔬菜水果不足率为47．40％。结果显示，女性相对于男性（OR=0．68）、低体重和肥胖相对于正常体重（OR=0．57、0．47）的调查对象红肉摄入量超标的可能性更低。月均收入2000—3000、〉3000元相对于〈2000元（OR=1．79、2．20）、重体力劳动相对于坐／站着（OR=4．40）、批发零售业、住宿餐饮业、建筑业相对于制造业（OR=2．00、2．46、1．72）的调查对象红肉摄入量超标的可能性更高。住宿餐饮业和建筑业相对于制造业的调查对象蔬菜水果摄入量不足的可能性更高（OR：1．82、1．63）。结论广东省就业流动人口红肉摄入量超标率和蔬菜水果摄入量不足率均较高，性别、收入、工作方式和行业类型等因素对居民红肉摄入量超标率和蔬菜水果摄入量不足率有影响。应着力开展流动人口慢性病综合干预，倡导平衡膳食。

Objective To evaluate the level of dietary intake and its influencing factors among em- ployed migrant population aged 18 -59 years in Guangdong Province. Methods Using special survey data of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Survei]lance for migrant population conducted in 2012, employed floating population aged 18 -59 years were selected from 6 counties/districts. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their demographic characteristics （ gender, age, level of education, occupa- tion, income） and information of dietary intakes （red meat, fruits and vegetables, and work style）. The intakes of red meat, vegetables and fruits were described. The influencing factors were determined by uni- variate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results A total of 1 800 questionnaires were distributed and1 611 valid ones were recovered. Of the 1 611 respondents, 53.1% were men and 46.9% were women; 48.4% had junior high school education, 43.6% had monthly income of 〉 3 000 Yuan. The average age was （35.34 ±9.70） years. The compositions of population according to the six occupational types were consistent. The mean daily intake of red meat was （ 186.08 ± 128.88） g, with an exceeding red meat standard rate of 82.30% ; the mean daily intake of fruits and vegetables was （437.66± 233.93 ） g, with a fruit and vegetable deficiency rate of 47.40%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the subjects who were female （ OR = 0.68 ）, low body weight （ OR = 0.57 ） and obesity （ OR = 0.47 ） were less likely to ex- ceed the standard of red meat. Those who had average monthly income of 2 000 - 3 000 Yuan, or 〉 3 000 Yuan （ OR = 1.79, 2.20 ） , heavy physical labor （ OR = 4.40 ） , occupations of wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and catering industry, and construction industry （ OR = 2.00, 2.46, 1.72） were more likely to exceed the red meat standard. Compared with manufacturing, accommodation （ OR = 1.82）, catering and construction （ OR = 1.63 ） were more likely to have inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits. Conclusion The red meat excessive rate and the fruit and vegetable deficiency rate were high among em- ployed migrant population in Guangdong Province. Factors such as gender, income, work style, and type of occuoations had effects on the excessive intake of red meat and inadequate intake of fruit and vegetable.