哈姆雷特与哲学

Hamlet and Philosophy

哈姆雷特是莎士比亚笔下最具哲学气质的王子。但在剧中,哈姆雷特两度拒斥了哲学。哈姆雷特追问存在的形而上意义表明,他深受自然哲学影响。然而,哈姆雷特的沉思天性与他过强的血气结合,导致他对灵魂和德性的认识出现偏颇,甚至表现出强烈的相对主义和诡辩倾向。由于哈姆雷特王子所学的哲学缺乏对人的灵魂与人类基本政治事务的恰切认识,最终导致他走向世界主义。通过呈现潜在王者与哲学的不恰当结合,莎士比亚在剧中透露了哲学可能败坏政治的隐忧。

In Shakespeare＇s plays, Hamlet is the prince who is most deeply stained with philosophical temperament. In the plasy, Hamlet mentions but refuses ＂philosophy＂ twice. That Hamlet is influenced by natural philosophy is shown in that he keeps on probing into the metaphysical meaning of existence. But Hamlet＇s contemplative nature is combined with his spiritedness, leading to his inappropriate understanding of soul and virtue, and further brings about his tendency of relativism and sophism. In virtue of prince Hamlet＇s lack of an appropriate knowledge of human nature and human affairs, he finally heads for cosmopolitism. Through a presentation of the improper joint of a potential man of politics with philosophy, Shakespeare reveals his hidden concern about the possible corruption that philosophy could do to politics.