乌尔第三王朝行省制度探析

The Provincial System of the Ur Ⅲ Dynasty

行省是乌尔第三王朝的最高地方行政机构,在中央与地方的行政管理中发挥着承上启下的作用。乌尔第三王朝沿袭了阿卡德王朝开创的行省制度并对其加以发展改革,创造了内外行省"二元制"的管理模式和相应的赋税体系,使其成为加强中央集权统治的得力工具。但是,行省管理中的总督与将军的相互制约与影响,以及苏美尔城邦旧观念的遗存等行省制度弊端也成为乌尔第三王朝灭亡的主要内因之一。

The province is the highest local administrative institution of the Ur III Dynasty, which plays an important linkage role in the administration between the center and the region. The provincial system of the Ur III Dynasty, which followed Akkadian Dynasty, is an effective tool for strengthening the centralization of authority characterized by the dual system between inner and external provinces, as well as corresponding tax system. However, several provincial negative factors, such as the opposition between Ensis and Shaginas and the old Sumerian city-states＇ idea, also becomes one of the main internal factors related to the fall of the Ur III Dynasty.