媒体外交话语的语用论辩研究

A Pragma-Dialectical Approach to Media Diplomatic Discourse

本文借鉴语用论辩学的基本研究框架,结合媒体外交的特点,提出了媒体外交话语的论辩研究路径,并以菲律宾前总统阿基诺三世就中菲南海问题答日本记者问为例初步论证了该研究路径的可行性。个案分析显示,为说服国际普遍受众,阿基诺三世在界定意见分歧、选取共同出发点以及论证组合设计三个核心论辩环节都采用了外交领域常用的一些论辩策略,其中部分策略貌似合理,实际上却是谬误。对阿基诺三世答记者问的个案分析证明,集论辩重构、策略操控分析和批判性评价于一体的语用论辩研究路径不但能还原媒体外交话语中的核心论辩话步、再现其内在论辩结构,还能揭示内嵌其中的各种核心话语策略;更重要的是,该路径还为媒体外交话语的合理性提供了可行的评判标准。

Drawing on the research framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this paper intends to develop an argumentative approachto media diplomatic discourse by considering the features of media diplomacy. By analyzing and evaluating the example ofAquino III＇ s replies to a Japanese journalist＇ s question concerning the South China Sea disputes between China and the Phil-ippines, the feasibility of this approach is tested. As is shown in the results, in order to persuade the international audiences,Aquino III applies some common argumentative strategies of diplomacy by redefining the difference of opinion, selecting mate-rial starting points and designing the arguments. Though seemingly reasonable, some of those strategies actually violate thesoundness criteria provided by Pragma-Dialectics. This research shows that the pragma-dialectical approach to media diplomat-ic discourse constituted by reconstruction of argumentation, strategic maneuvering analysis and critical evaluation, can not onlyindicate the pivotal argumentative moves in media diplomatic discourse and reveal its argumentative structure, but also uncovervarious kinds of discursive strategies embedded in the discourse. More importantly, this approach provides a set of feasiblestandards to evaluate the reasonableness of media diplomatic discourses.