《牡丹亭》中喜剧性因素研究

The Study of Comic Factors in the Peony Pavilion

《牡丹亭》中喜剧性因素集中表现在陈最良、春香、道姑等人物身上,其喜剧性起源于矛盾性、反常性;喜剧性因素的使用或冲淡了悲剧气氛,或喜中含悲、喜后见悲,喜剧情节从另一面体现了悲剧性。并且,汤显祖使用这些喜剧性因素,实则寓含对皇帝官员、官场与科举等社会百态的讽刺;将《牡丹亭》等戏曲与西方戏剧比较,从中窥探出中国传统戏曲具有"悲喜混杂"的风格特征,其原因是继承插科打诨的戏曲传统与具有乐天的民族精神。

In the Peony Pavilion, characters CHEN Zuiliang, Chunxiang and Taoist nun concentrated express the comic factors. Their comic originates in contradiction and abnormality. Then, these comic factors have deep implication, which dilute the tragic atmosphere or have grief in joy. And TANG Xianzu uses these comic factors to satire the emperor, officials, official- dom and service examination system. Last, comparing Chinese traditional opera and Western drama ,we find the style charac- teristics of Chinese traditional opera is＂ feeling mixed＂, whose reason is inherited the tradition of making comic gestures and remarks with national spirits.