卵巢癌的诊断

Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

卵巢癌是全球女性第七位最常见的癌症，2012年，有23．9万新发病例。和许多其他类型的癌症一样，不同地区卵巢癌的发病率和病死率差异很大，经济发达地区的发病率更高。卵巢癌发病率最高的年龄组是50-70岁，75％的病例发生在55岁以后3080％的病例在出现症状时已处于疾病晚期，5年生存率很低。在英国，各分期卵巢癌总的5年生存率为46％。

NICE recommends symptom triggered testing using sequential CA125 and ultrasonography for ovarian cancerOvarian cancer is most common in the postmenopausal age groupCA125 is not a specific marker in premenopausal women and may be increased during menstruation and in other conditionsOvarian cysts are common in premenopausal women and may be physiologicalUltrasound findings of simple or unilocular cysts (that is, fluid-containing cysts) measuring <5 cm on ultrasonography are reassuring and associated with less than a 1% risk of malignancyAll women with a diagnosis of high grade serous ovarian cancer may be offered routine testing for BRCA. Women with known BRCA mutations may be offered risk reducing surgery to remove the fallopian tubes and ovaries