文学思潮史的写法——以明代文学思潮史为例

The Narrating Method of the History of Literature Trend: Take the History of Literature Trend of Ming Dynasty as Example

文学史研究的宗旨,是展现一个国家或民族文学发展的真实面貌和历史过程,揭示人类心灵的基本构成及其变迁轨迹,但不同类型的文学史角度和侧重点有所不同。文学思潮史重点关注的是文学活动、文学风尚及文学与外部社会环境的互动关系。中国古代文学思潮史的发展有其独特规律,明代文学思潮史的发展又有其特点。研究明代文学思潮史,既要遵循文学思潮史研究的一般要求,也要根据其自身特点,选择有利的观察角度,设置合理的体系框架,采取相应的叙述策略;应着重考察文学社团的兴替及其文学观念的高度自觉,政治、理学、科举等与文学的互动关系,以及地域文化、商品经济和市镇繁荣对文学的影响。文学思潮史研究的最佳境界,是逻辑与历史的统一。

The aim of all studies in literature history is to represent the true appearance and development course of the literature of one country or nation,and announce the basic composition and change Orbit of human soul,but the angles and emphasis points of different kinds of literature history are different to some extent. It was the literature activity,literature prevailing custom and interdynamic relation between literature and external social environment that the studies of history of literature trend should pay close attention to. There are its unique laws in the development of the trend of Chinese classic literature,and the development of literature trend in Ming Dynasty has its characteristics too,so we should follow the general requirement of the studies of the history of literature trend,also choose the favorable observation angle,set up the rational system frame and adopt the corresponding narration tactics according to its one ＇s own characteristic; should investigate emphatically the rise and decline of literature societies and their high conscientious of literature ideas,the interdynamic relation between literature and politics,Neo-Confucianism,imperial examinations,and the impact exert on literature by the region culture,the prosperity of commodity economy and town. The best realm of studying in the history of literature trend is the unity of logic and history.