从词臣背景看真德秀与理学的关系

The Relationship Between Zhen Dexiu and Neo-Confucianism:under the Background of an Imperial Edict Drafter

有宋一代,理学之士与词学之臣是两个长期存在文化分野的士大夫群体。南宋晚期,随着理学的官方化,理学义理与词臣词学开始呈现融合之势。真德秀以词臣出身提倡程朱之道,成为复振理学的关键人物。然而在词臣履历仕宦的背景下考察真德秀与理学的实际关系,可以发现其早先词科入等,是依靠韩侂胄党派人物的指教与提携,与理学门墙存有深刻分野;后来韩氏被诛,真氏出于政治需要提倡理学,由此进入馆阁,但在文化上难以与理学义理契合;再后他退居地方社会,在文化上真正接受理学,但仍与纯粹的理学学者存有隔阂。词臣词学与理学义理在真德秀的文化立场中呈现共存相拒之势,此种情况一直延续至其重回朝廷担任翰林学士。

In the Song Dynasty,Neo-Confucians and imperial edict drafters were two groups of scholarbureaucrats with long-term cultural differences. In the late Southern-Song Dynasty,with the official recognition of Neo-Confucianism,the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism and the Ci-poetics of imperial edict drafters began to become integrated. With the status of an imperial edict drafter,Zhen Dexiu（ 真德秀） highly advocated Neo-Confucianism and became the key figure in the revival of Neo-Confucianism. However,if we investigate the actual relationship between Neo-Confucianism and Zhen Dexiu under his background as an imperial edict drafter,we can find that he started his political career in the officialdom when he passed the Cike（ 词科）Imperial Examination and became an imperial edict drafter,and then got promoted with the guidance and support of Prime Minister Han Tuozhou（ 韩侂胄） who was the leader of the group of officials in opposition to Neo-Confucians represented by Zhu Xi（ 朱熹）,thus having great difference from Neo-Confucianism. After Han Tuozhou＇s death,Zhen began to advocate Neo-Confucianism owing to political demand,and as a result,he entered into Guange（ 馆阁） but found it hard to integrate himself culturally with the philosophy of NeoConfucianism. And then, Zhen retired to local society and turned to really accept Neo-Confucianism culturally. However,Zhen still had divergence with pure Neo-Confucians. In Zhen＇s cultural stance,the Cipoetics of imperial edict drafters and the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism were coexistent but contrary to each other. This situation lasted until his return to the imperial court to serve as a Hanlin academician（ 翰林学士）.