鼻咽癌放疗后大范围颅底骨坏死的内镜手术处理及颅底重建原则

Endoscopic surgery and reconstruction for extensive osteoradionecrosis of skull base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

目的 探讨鼻咽癌放疗后大范围颅底骨坏死患者的内镜手术处理方法及临床效果观察.方法 回顾性分析广东省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科2010年3月至2015年8月收治的17例鼻咽癌放疗后大范围颅底骨坏死并行内镜经鼻入路颅底骨坏死清除术患者的临床资料.结果 17例患者颅底骨质缺损直径均＞3.00 cm,颅底骨质缺损面积为：3.60 cm2（3.24 cm×1.11 cm）～14.19 cm2（4.79 cm ×2.96 cm）,平均缺损面积7.02 cm2.12例患者术中清除颅底坏死骨并行创面软组织重建;5例患者术中仅清除颅底坏死骨,未行软组织修复,全部患者均未行颅底骨质缺损重建.全部患者无围手术期死亡病例.随访8个月～6年,中位随访时间14个月,其中2年以上4例.仅1例患者术后第4年出现迟发性脑脊液鼻漏,其余无任何并发症.结论 鼻咽癌放疗后大范围颅底骨坏死患者可通过内镜经鼻入路手术清除颅底坏死骨,术中无需进行颅底骨质缺损重建,但重要结构（如颈内动脉）裸露需要软组织重建性覆盖.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic surgery for extensive osteoradionecrosis （ORN） of skull base in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） after radiotherapy.Methods Seventeen patients diagnosed as ORN of skull base after radiotherapy for NPC and underwent endoscopic surgery were retrospectively studied with their clinic data.Results Based on the CT and endoscopic examination,all patients had large skull base defects with bone defects averaged 7.02 cm2 （range,3.60-14.19 cm2）.Excepting for curetting the sequestra,endoscopic surgery was also used to repair the wound or to protect the internal carotid artery with flap in 12 patients.No bone reconstructions were conducted in all patients with the bone defects of skull base.CT examinations were taken after endoscopic surgery when required.The postoperative follow-up ranged from 8 months to 6 years （average,14 months）.Aside from 1 patient with delayed cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）,others had no related complications.Conclusions The patients with extensive ORN can be treated with endoscopic surgery to curette the necrotic bone of skull base,and endoscopic reconstruction provides an alternative technique.It may not be necessary to reconstruct the bone defects at skull base,however,the exposed important structures of skull base,such as internal carotid artery,need to repair with soft tissue such as flap.