世界银行与全球管理主义——对世界银行《环境与社会框架》的思考

Consolidating Global Managerialism at the World Bank:A Critical Assessment of the World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework

在全球治理话语之下,世界银行正日益成为一个全球事务的管理者、场所和主要工具。世界银行执行董事会2016年8月4日批准的《世界银行环境与社会框架》,将大量原本属于国内管辖的事项纳入世界银行的贷款政策和监管范围。通过其贷款活动,世界银行对借款国的国内法律和政策有着极强的渗透力,日益以一个管理者的身份发挥影响力。世界银行正在从传统的纯粹金融机构,日渐转变为一个推动和实施特定社会政策的公共机构。一套以人权、民主、环境、社会正义为核心的公共秩序观念,正被纳入全球管理主义的话语工具箱。这种正在兴起的管理主义文化,不断深刻地改造世界银行,同时重塑全球秩序。

The World Bank has become an active participant and a regulator of global affairs. The World Bank Board of Executive Directors approved the World Bank＇ s Environmental and Social Framework on August 4, 2016, putting a significant portion of the traditionally conceived as domestic matters into the purview of the Bank＇s operational lending policy. Through its lending activities, the World Bank is capable of exerting a growing influence upon the domestic laws and policies of borrowing countries and increasingly plays a regulatory role. The Bank has moved away from a pure financial institution and has been reinventing itself as a public institution advocating specific values and social policies. A set of concepts of public order with human rights, democracy, labour rights, environmental protection and social justice as the core has become a discourse toolbox for global managerialism. Such an emerging managerialist culture is not only reshaping the World Bank itself, but also fundamentally remaking the world order.