基于粮食安全的耕地保护补偿研究

Research on Compensation of Arable Land Protection Based on Food Security

耕地是粮食安全的重要保障,保护已有的耕地,平衡好耕地与其他行业发展对土地需求之间的矛盾,激发地方政府、农户与农村集体耕地保护的积极性,是目前亟需解决的问题。以湖南省作为研究区域,测算出湖南省耕地盈余、耕地赤字的市域均为7个。耕地赤字的市域将耕地保护的任务转嫁给了耕地盈余市域,需要对耕地盈余市域支付补偿。采用机会成本法,测算出地方政府耕地保护的补偿标准为7.1万元/公顷。其中,耕地赤字最严重的为长沙市,耕地标准面积赤字量为108.56×103公顷,需要支付的补偿额度为77.08亿元。耕地盈余最大的为常德市,耕地标准面积盈余量为162.72×103公顷,需要接受的补偿额度为115.53亿元。以耕地资源价值分类为基础,采用当量因子法、替代法等方法,测算出湖南省耕地资源的生态价值、社会价值分别为19.18万元/公顷和107.51万元/公顷,并引入政府支付能力指数和区域社会发展阶段系数进行动态修正,以该值为依据,测算出湖南省农户和农村集体耕地保护的补偿标准为28.87万元/公顷。以期为地方政府制定切实可行的耕地保护补偿政策提供科学依据和技术支撑。

Arable land is an important guarantee of food security. It is urgently needed to solve problems including protecting the existing arable land, balancing the contradiction between arable land and the land demand of other industry development, stimulating the enthusiasm of the local government and farmers to protect the arable land. Taking Hunan Province as the research area, it measures that the cities with surplus arable land and those with deficit arable land are both severu The task of arable land protection in cities with deficit arable land is passed on to those with surplus arable land. Deficit cities need to pay compensation to surplus cities. The compensation standard of arable land protection of local government by using opportunity cost method is 71 000 yuan per ha. Among them, the city with worst deficit of arable land is Changsha. Its deficit amount of standard area of arable land is -- 108. 56 × 10^3 ha. The compensation amount it needs to pay is 7. 708 billion yuan. The city with biggest surplus of arable land is Changde. Its surplus amount of standard area of arable land is 162.72 × 10^3 ha. The compensation amount it needs to accept is 11.553 billion yuan. The equivalent factor method, alternative method and other methods are used to measure ecological value, social value of arable land resources in Hunan province based on the classification of arable land resources value. The ecological value and social value of arable land resources in Hunan are 0. 1918 million yuan per ha and 1. 0751 million yuan per ha respectively, and dynamical correction is made by introducing the index of government paying ability and coefficient of regional social development stage. The compensation standard of arable land protection of farmers and the rural collectives is 0. 288 7 million yuan per ha. It provides scientific basis and technical support to the local government in formulating feasible compensation policy of protecting arable land.