微小RNA在骨分化过程中的作用机制

Role and mechanism of microRNA in osteogenic differentiation

在口腔种植治疗过程中常常会遇到骨量不足的问题,植入骨替代材料是目前临床上最主要的重建骨缺损方法之一,因此骨替代材料的成骨性能及其分子机制成为了研究热点。微小RNA(mi RNA)是一种短链非编码RNA,通过转录后调控细胞分化、增殖、程序性死亡等病理生理过程。mi RNA可影响成骨相关因子的表达和激活成骨相关信号转导通路中的信号转导,从而对骨组织动态改建过程进行调控。本文就mi RNA与成骨细胞特异性转录因子、核心结合因子-α1基因、Smad基因、转化生长因子-β诱导因子,与骨形态发生蛋白信号转导通路、无翅型小鼠乳房肿瘤病毒整合位点家族信号转导通路、促丝裂原激活蛋白激酶信号转导通路、成脂信号转导通路以及mi RNA与口腔相关材料和mi RNA在骨缺损修复中的应用研究进展作一综述。

The problem of insufficient bone usually occurs during oral implantology treatment. The use of bone substitute materials is one of the most important methods to reconstruct bone defects clinically. Therefore, the properties and molecular mechanisms of these bone substitute materials have been a controversial topic in research. MicroRNA（miRNA） is a short, non-coding RNA. It regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological processes by post-transcription. In addition, miRNA can regulate the dynamic remodeling of bone tissue by affecting the expression of osteogenic factors and the activation of osteogenic signal transduction pathway. This paper reviews the role of miRNA in osterix, core binding factor al, Smad, and transforming growth factor-β. The regulating function of miRNA in the signal transduction pathways of bone morphogenetic protein, wingless-type mice mammary tumor virus integration site family, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and adipogenesis is investigated. The relation of miRNA with dental materials and its application in repairing bone defects are also reviewed.