水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究进展与展望

Review and prospect on utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies

水稻籼粳亚种间的杂种优势利用对于提高我国水稻产量有着重要的意义.本文简述了籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究的发展历史,广亲和基因的发现为亚种间杂交水稻选育奠定了理论基础,国内科研机构相继选育出了以两优培九、协优9308为代表的利用部分籼粳亚种间杂种优势的杂交稻组合,杂种优势明显.21世纪以来,浙江省宁波市农业科学院、中国水稻研究所等科研机构,利用粳稻不育系与籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系配组,选育出了"甬优6号"、"甬优12"、"春优58"、"春优84"等典型的籼粳亚种间杂交稻,杂种优势更加明显,为水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用开辟了新途径.本文还总结了籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究的现状,并针对籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中存在的主要问题,对未来籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究进行了展望,以期为水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用研究提供一点有益的借鉴.

The utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies is important for the improvement of rice yield in China. This paper reviewed the historical development of the utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies. Since the discovery of wide compatibility gene in 1982, it has laid a theoretical foundation for the breeding of inter subspecies hybrid rice. In 1980 s scientific research institutions bred the part of utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica hybrid rice combinations, Liangyoupeijiu and Xieyou 9308, which the heterosis was high. In 21 st century, many scientific research institutions in Zhejiang Province bred the tipical indica-japonica hybrid rice combinations, Yongyou 6, Yongyou 12, Chunyou 58 and Chunyou 84, by breeding the japonica CMS lines and the indica-japonica wide compatibility restorer lines, which the heterosis was more obvious. They opened a new way for the using of heterosis between indica-japonica. This paper summarized the present situation of utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica from two aspects of basic theory research and research progress of utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica, and looked forward for the future utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies on the main problems existing in the utilization, and presented the solutions such as expandding the genetic relationship to enhance the heterosis, optimizing parental characteristics to enhance the yield of hybrid seed production, using the modern technology to improve the breeding efficiency, in order to provide a useful reference for the research on the utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies. According to the components of parents or the genetic distance between indica-japonica, we divided the hybrid between indica-japonica heterosis utilization into three stages： the part of utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica, the typical utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica and the complete utilization of heterosis between indica-japonica. We can believe that in the near future, the free combination of indica-japonica rice subspecies will be realized and the heterosis between indica-japonica rice subspecies can be completely used through the continuous efforts of breeders.