中国统一碳交易市场的基本要素与机制构建

Basic Elements and Design of China's Future Unified National Emissions Trading Scheme

通过对碳排放权交易的理论和各国实践的调研和分析,可以从法律基础、基本框架设计、相关机构安排和调控政策4个方面分析建立碳排放权交易体系(Emissions Trading Scheme,ETS)的9个基本要素,分别是法律基础,体系的排放总量目标,配额的初始分配,排放量监测、报告与核查,遵约机制,登记注册系统,价格机制,评价机制,碳金融。全国统一碳交易市场的运行机制构建应该分两个阶段进行,第一阶段应整合连接7个试点的区域碳交易运行机制,对它们做统一规范,形成一个完整的全国统一碳交易市场;第二阶段是对第一阶段出现的问题的修正,也是对全国统一碳交易市场的运行机制发展的推进。

Based on the review of emissions trading theory and the practices, 9 basic elements are identified for an emissions trading scheme （ETS）,including legal basis, emissions cap, allowance allocation, emissions monitoring, reporting and verification（MRV）,compliance mechanism, registry, participation of financial institutions, market intervention mechanism, taxes and fees- Operating mechanism of unified national carbon trading market construction should be carried out in two stages, the first phase should be integrated to connect the seven pilot area of carbon trading mechanism, to make unified specification, they form a complete unified national carbon trading market. The second stage is the first stage of the problems, is also a unified national carbon trading market development of operating mechanism.