中国东海、黄海及南海捕捞能力的比较分析

Measurement and comparison of capacity utilization in Chinese waters

以《中国渔业统计年鉴》中2009—2014年东海、黄海、南海的海洋捕捞渔船数、总功率、总吨位作为不变投入，专业劳动力作为可变投入，海洋捕捞产量为产出，使用数据包络分析法（dataenvelopmentanalysis，DEA）对捕捞能力利用度以及理想投入进行分析，总结2009～2014年各海域的规模效率和纯技术效率，计算无偏能力利用度，评价投入配置的合理性以及各生产投入因素对能力利用度的影响。结果表明：黄海海域捕捞纯技术效率较高，但能力利用度受资源衰退的影响明显，并有下降趋势，存在大比例的生产浪费，生产规模亟需优化；东海海域能力利用度和纯技术效率都呈稳定增长趋势，近年对生产投入的控制有一定成效，可变投入配置比例也较合理；南海海域能力利用度和技术效率趋势与东海海域相同，但减船转产实施的不明显，生产投入还有一定的缩减空间。

Although some researches were done on Chinese fishing capacity utilization analysis, they are mainly concentrated in the study of the same or different fisheries in certain area, systematic measurement and comparative study in different areas is relatively rare. For analyzing the systematic fishing capacity utilization, obtaining irrational fishing input, and providing scientific gist for the future fisheries management and structure optimization,based on the data in 2009 -2014 of fishing yearbook, with labor force set as variable inputs, fishing vessels, total power and total tonnage set as fixed inputs, total catch as output in this study, the data envelopment analysis （DEA） model was applied to analyze the capacity utilization and target input in Chinese waters（the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea）,pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency were summarized in time series, no-deflection capacity utilization was calculated, and the rationality of input allocation and the input impact on capacity utilization were evaluated. It was conducted by comparison analysis ： The capacity utilization of the Yellow Sea was firstly steady and approached the peak value in 2012, then appeared downtrend obviously under resource exhaustion in the range of 84% - 100%, the maximum capacity output was 3.76 × 106 t in 2014, the minimum value was 2.93× 106 t in 2012, the pure technology efficiency was in good situation, but high ratio of redundancy input existed, the production scale need to be optimized ; the capacity utilization of the East China Sea obtained the minimum value 82.5% in 2009, then increased in the range of 97% - 100%, the maximum capacity output was 5.37× 106 t in 2009, the minimum value was 4.62 ×106 t in 2010, the pure technology efficiency increased steadily, preliminary results of the inputs management and control were realized, input allocation ratio was also reasonable; the capacity utilization of the South China Sea appeared the similar trend as the East China Sea, the minimum value 86.1% appeared in 2009 and then increased in the range of 93.8% -100%, the maximum capacity output was 3.79 × 106 t in 2009, the minimum value was 3.30× 106 t in 2010, the pure technology showed the same trend, but decreasing fishing boat policy should be carried out more obviously, and reducing space still existed in production.