湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势

Ecological effects of wetland hydrological connectivity:problems and prospects

湿地是地球上生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高、最具价值的生态系统之一,为人类社会经济的发展提供了重要保障.在高强度人类活动和气候变化双重作用下,湿地破碎化严重,面积减小,湿地的水文连通受阻,导致了一系列生态环境问题.本文基于广泛的文献调研,从水文连通的概念、水文连通对湿地生境的影响、水文连通对生物的影响以及受损水文连通的修复4个方面回顾了当前湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展以及存在的不足.结合多年在湿地领域的研究背景,重点针对上下游重大人类活动和气候变化对大江大河三角洲湿地水文连通的胁迫,提出了未来的主要研究趋势,将为解决三角洲湿地面临的基础科学问题提供支持,推动我国湿地科学基础理论的发展.

Wetlands are among the most species-rich and productive ecosystems on Earth and provide manyessential services for human well-being and socio-economic development. Intensifying human activities andclimate change, however, are severely impacting the structural integrity and functioning of wetlandecosystems, including wetlandknowledge and to investigatehydrological connectivity.existing issues regardingThe present work triesthe ecological effects ofto synthesize currentwetland hydrologicalconnectivity. The following are emphasized the concepts of wetland hydrological connectivity; relationshipbetween hydrological connectivity and wetland habitats; effect of hydrological connectivity on wetland speciesdistribution, diversity, and food webs; restoration and engineering of hydrological connectivity in degradedwetlands. A particular focus is the impact of watershed human activities and climate change on hydrologicalconnectivity in river deltaic wetlands. Further outlined are outstanding questions and research areas that willadvance fundamental theories in wetland science and underpin successful conservation and restoration of riverdeltaic wetlands.