孤独症脑调控康复与效果评估研究

Neurorehabilitation of ASD and its evaluation

基于新兴脑调控技术,针对孤独症核心异常,对将重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic atimulation,rTMS)和神经反馈技术(neurofeedback,NFB)应用于孤独症康复的作用机制和效果进行了深入研究.首先利用视觉认知任务,结合量化脑电(qEEG)分析方法,对与高级认知机制密切相关的皮层Gamma脑电节律在孤独症组和正常组之间进行比较和分析,进一步开展rTMS调控Gamma节律的效果和机制研究;同时,利用ERP视觉实验任务,对孤独症组和正常组的视觉认知机制进行比较研究,并在此基础上开展利用rTMS调控孤独症视觉认知机制的研究;基于孤独症存在脑电Gamma节律异常的这一特征,本文进一步开展了以"40Hz Gamma"脑电信号为操作条件的孤独症神经反馈干预研究.通过设置神经反馈(NFB)方案,来训练孤独症被试对Gamma节律脑电活动的自我控制和调节能力,通过强化和维持Gamma节律脑电活动来改善孤独症的高级认知功能.研究结果表明,rTMS和NFB能够以无损伤的方式,实现对孤独症异常认知和生理机制的调控,改善孤独症异常脑功能,进而减少孤独症的行为异常.

In the present paper we discuss the mechanisms and effects of rTMS and NFB modulation onASD by several cognitive experiments. First, control-test and comparative experiments were developed tomeasure Gamma activities modulation by rTMS in ASD by quantitative EEG analysis based on visual cognitivetasks. Comparative studies between ASD and controls in ERP experiments showed that visual cognitivedeficiencies could be effectively modulated by rTMS and capability of ＂attention selectivity＂ and ＂attentionorientation＂ were improved markedly along with rTMS treatment. After analysis of Gamma abnormalities inASD, 40 Hz Gamma rhythm was used as the operant condition for NFB modulation. It was found that ＂rTMS＂and ＂NFB＂ interventions could effectively improve cognitive and physiological functions. Such treatmentshelped to maintain a better brain state, and decreased abnormalities in autistic children.