社会理论视野下的特殊教育学探讨

The Study of Special Education in the Perspective of Social Theories

特殊教育领域长期以来忽视社会理论的分析与探讨。作为社会科学的分支,特殊教育的理论建设需要跳出特殊教育狭窄的领域和范畴,从社会理论的视野进行反思与探索。社会理论范式影响并推动特殊教育学理论与实践的变迁,具体表现为:实证主义推动着特殊教育学的科学化,解释主义体现特殊教育学的人本化,批判主义社会学则通过对传统的批判将特殊教育学引向理想化的目标。这三大理论传统及其分支理论,从不同视角和路径解释特殊教育,共同构成特殊教育学的社会理论框架体系。

The field of special education has been neglecting the analyses and discussion of social theo- ries. As a branch of social science, the theoretical construction of special education needs to go beyond its own narrow areas and should be reflected and explored in the perspective of social theories. The paradigms of social theories influence and promote the changes of theories and practices of special education, positiv- ism promotes the scientification of special education, and interpretivism embodies the humanization of special education, and criticism guides special education towards ideal goals with the critic for tradition. These three theo- retical traditions and their branches interpret special education from different angles using different approa- ches, together constituting the framework system of social theories in the field of special education.