意义的体验、兴发与先秦儒家教化哲学——兼析《论语》“学而时习之,不亦说乎”

The Experiencing and Activating of Meaning and Pre-Qin Confucian Edificatory Philosophy:The Analysis of“Isn't it a Pleasure to Learn and Practice”in the Analects

以孔子为代表的先秦儒家教化哲学,是人生命、生活意义的体验和兴发之学。先秦儒家的世界观是天人一体,世界是以己身为中心的意义世界,而不是外在的客观物质世界。人的一生,正是在意义的不断体验和兴发中,成就意义的自我和意义的世界;意义发生和形成的本源在于天地万物之间的感应原理,对人而言,则是通过"学",在感通万物的同时,感通和彰显自我的本性,从而形成意义的真实体验,并由此兴发个体自我生命、生活的意义感;先秦儒家教化哲学以意义的永恒完成了对人生命有限性的超越,但其核心则是意义的当下生发与体验,即在日用伦常中当下兴发生命、生活的意义;意义的传达不是知识的传授,而是以体验兴发体验,以意义兴发意义,以个体的自我兴发而兴发他人。《论语》开篇"学而时习之,不亦说乎"一语,正是先秦儒家教化哲学义理与精神的生动表达。

Pre-qin Confucian edificatory philosophy, with Confucius as its leading figure, is a learning system focusing on the experience and activating of the meaning of life. Confucianism believes the unifica- tion of Heaven and Men and considers world is a meaningful world that centers on one＇s own conduct rath- er than the objective materials. Human life, with constant experiencing and activating, is a process of real- izing a meaningful self and a meaningful world. The principle underlies the formation of meaning is life-in- teraction of the cosmos. Human, by means of self-enlightenment, while penetrating with all things, re- veals one＇s own intrinsic nature~ she/he hence forms authentic experiences of meaning, and induces the feeling of the meaning of life. Pre-qin Confucian edificatory philosophy indicates the transcendence of the finitude of physical life with the eternity of meaning~ however, its core is the experiencing of meaning here and now; that is, life and its meaning sbnuld be generated directly in one＇s daily practices and ethics. The conveyance of meaning, unlike the impartment of knowledge, is an activating process, in which experience activates experience, meaning activates meaning, and oneself activates others. Herein the first sentence of the Analects of Confucius ＂Isn＇t it a pleasure to learn and practice＂ vividly reveals the philosophical connotations and the spirit of pre-qin edificatory philosophy.