基于红外热像检测的粉尘环境植物适生性评价

Evaluation of plant tolerance to environmental dust pollution based on infrared thermography

植物防尘是一类多功能复合、有很高环保经济价值的防尘技术,其关键是要优选出在不同粉尘污染环境中具强适生性的优势树种。为此,以我国南方某工业园区内4种常见灌木为研究对象,在室内仿真模拟的工业粉尘污染环境中,对盆栽植物样本的滞尘能力及其引起的叶表温度变化进行跟踪监测和适生性分析。实验结果表明,叶片滞尘会普遍引起叶表温度升高,不同粉尘环境中的叶表温度变化存在明显差异,含碱性物质和重金属元素的粉尘对植物的影响较为显著。所研究的4种样本植物在实验粉尘环境中的适生性大小顺序为:桂花、鹅掌柴、红继木、茶树。在工业园区绿化建设规划设计时,应在充分考虑粉尘污染环境特点的基础上,对计划引进植物进行适生性评价,选择粉尘阻滞吸附能力强且滞尘后叶片温度变化平缓的树种,从而更有效的利用绿色植物防治大气颗粒物污染。

The effects of dust pollution on plant species depends largely on the plant＇s natural ＇ dustproofing＇ ability, which is a kind of muhifunctional composite dust-control technology that has great value for both the environment and economy. Our study intended to determine which dominant tree species showed the greatest tolerance and adaptability in different dust pollution environments. We conducted long term monitoring and an adaptability analysis on four kinds of shrubs （ osmanthus fragrans, schefflera octophylla, loropetalum chinense var.rnbrum and camellia sinensis） commonly found in industrial parks in southern China. Our study used potted plant samples in an indoor environment where we simulated industrial dust pollution. We measured the dust-retaining capability and leaf temperature of our potted plants using biological microscopic image analysis and a thermal infrared imager. Our results showed that leaf temperature increased as leaves were covered in dust, and this varied according to the amount of dust in the environment. Dust that contained alkaline matter and heavy metal elements had a stronger influence on our test plants. Thus, we suggest that any adaptability analysis of plants should take the specific characteristics of dust pollution into full consideration. Our results suggest that osmanthus fragrans was most tolerant to dust pollution, followed by schefflera octophylla, loropetalum chinense var.rubrum, and finally camellia sinensis. Selecting plant species that have high dust-retaining capability, and low physiological and ecological responses to dust pollution is important for industrial parks. However, planners and designers of green spaces in industrial parks also need to consider the composition and quantity of dust pollution within each site, as this varies by type and frequency of business enterprises within each industrial park and will help inform plant selection decisions. Our results show that leaf surface temperature is an important predictor of a plant＇s physiological and ecological response to dust pollution, and further research should investigate how variation in leaf surface temperature could be used to develop an index of plant tolerance to environmental dust pollution. For existing industrial parks containing plants with relatively poor adaptability to dust pollution, we suggest implementing regular watering, cleaning and other manual dust removal methods to reduce the negative effects of dust particulate matter on plants. Meanwhile, the effects of dust （ especially heavy metal dust） , on plant root systems should be investigated. To ensure implementation of scientific management of green spaces in industrial parks, we advise creating a temperature alert and maintenance schedule that includes regular protective cleaning of plants.