2010—2015年云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件监测分析

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreak incidents in schools in Yunnan Province between 2010 and 2015

目的了解2010—2015年云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件特点及发生规律,探讨防止食源性疾病发生的对策和措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件进行分析;采用季节趋势模型对2016年云南省学校每月食源性疾病暴发事件人次数进行预测。结果 2010—2015年云南省报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件数、发病人数及死亡人数分别为106起、3 972人和2人,分别占总数的6.67%、23.32%和0.71%。食源性疾病暴发事件主要分布在农村乡镇地区的中、小学校。致病因素以有毒动植物和微生物为主。采用季节趋势模型对2016年云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件趋势进行预测,学校食源性疾病暴发事件继续呈上升趋势,中毒高峰为3、4、6和9月。结论加大对农村地区学校食堂投入和管理力度,规范学校食堂从业人员操作,建立对餐饮业有效的监管机制,加强预防食源性疾病(特别是有毒动植物)的宣传教育工作,可以最大限度地预防和降低学生食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。季节趋势模型对云南省学校食源性疾病暴发事件的拟合效果较好,可以应用于预测。

Objective To investigate the features and regular patterns of foodborne disease outbreak incidents in schools in Yunnan Province between 2010 and 2015,and to provide the countermeasure against these incidents. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the foodborne disease outbreak incidents in schools in Yunnan Province; the number of monthly foodborne disease outbreak incidents in 2016 was predicted by seasonal trend model. Results From2010 to 2015,the number of foodborne disease outbreak incidents,victims and deaths in schools were 106,3 972 and 2,which accounted for 6. 67%,23. 32% and 0. 71% of the total outbreaks. Foodborne disease outbreak incidents were mainly distributed in the primary school and middle school of rural and township areas. The major cause was associated with toxic agents from the food of animal or plant origin and microbial contamination. The foodborne disease outbreak incidents in schools was predicted as continuous rise in 2016,and reached the peak in March,April,June and September by seasonal trend model. Conclusion The best practices to prevent and reduce the foodborne disease outbreak incidents are to standardize the operation procedures of caterers,to enhance input and management measures,to establish effective supervisory mechanisms for the catering industry,and to reinforce the education of the prevention of foodborne diseases.Seasonal trend model could be used to predict the trend of the foodborne disease outbreak incidents in schools.