论先秦至唐五代哀悼诗的意象

The Images of Mourning Poetry from Early Qing Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties

从历时、系统及组合规律的角度看,先秦哀悼诗的意象大多比较单一、表现比较疏松,以动植物意象为主,以想象之象为辅,大多采用赋、比、兴的表现方法连接。汉代哀悼诗的意象大多比较单一,有些纯粹是人物形象,表现也比较疏松,以并置法、比兴法、赋法组合。三国两晋南北朝哀悼诗坟墓、遗物、四时季节变幻中的物侯、天气意象增加,南朝始出历史人文意象,北齐始出送葬类意象,通过叠加复指式、对偶列举式、比兴式、跳跃式组合。唐五代哀悼诗的意象安排得比较密集:涌现了大量历史、神话、传说类典故意象,送葬类、遗屋类、遗作类、遗子女、坟墓意象有所增加,在组合方式上,较多用对仗或对偶句意象并举法,其次是跳跃式、叠加复指式、赋法并置、比喻式。其变化大体与语言的发展变化、诗歌体式的演变更替、作者从以感性思维为主到以理性思维为主的思维方式的演变更新等因素有很大关系。

From perspective of duration, system and combined rule of Mourning Poetry from Early Qing Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, most of the imageries are unitary and loose, mainly to the images of animals and plants, supplemented by the imagination like, which are mostly connected by the methods of Fu, Bi, Xing. Tombs, artifacts, and four seasonal changes in phenological, weather images of Mourning Poetry of Three Kingdoms, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasty increased. Historical and cultural images began to appear in the Southern Dynasties, and the funeral images began to appear in the Northern Qi Dynasty, which connected by superposition of anaphora, dual listed, Bi Xing, jump combination type. The images of Mourning Poetry in the Tang and the Five Dynasties are very dense. The emergence of a large number of history, myths, legends class allusions, funeral, left house, posthumous, left children, grave imagery had increased. In combination, more parallelism and antithesis image simultaneously, followed by leaps and bounds, superposition of complex exponential type, Fu juxtaposition and metaphor. The changes in general and language development and changes, the evolution of poetry style more potential, the author from the perceptual thinking to the rational thinking based on the evolution of the way of thinking and other factors have a great relationship.