重金属铅、铬对泥鳅的急性毒性损伤

Acute Toxicity Effects of Plumbum and Chromium on Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus

研究了重金属铅、铬对泥鳅的急性毒性效应,为环境质量评价及环境监测提供可靠的科学依据。本研究采用单因子急性毒性试验的方法,分别检测了不同浓度铅对泥鳅的急性毒性效应,观察了泥鳅中毒后的症状,统计死亡率,建立浓度与死亡率的Probit模型,直接得出回归方程和2种重金属对泥鳅的半致死浓度和安全浓度。结果表明,泥鳅在高质量浓度铅中16 h开始出现死亡,在高质量浓度铬中10 h开始出现死亡;2种重金属对泥鳅的毒性作用随其在体内积累质量浓度的增大、作用时间的延长而增强;铅对泥鳅24,48,72,96 h的LC50分别为944.06,909.01,868.96,818.46 mg/L,SC为253.60 mg/L;铬对泥鳅24,48,72,96 h的LC50分别为703.07,676.08,610.94,516.42 mg/L,SC为187.56 mg/L。可见,铅与铬均为高毒性污染物,且后者比前者的毒性更大,提醒我们在生产生活中对这2种重金属应该引起高度重视。

To study the acute toxicity of plumbum and chromium on M/sgurnus anguillicaudatus, which can offer ref- erence for evaluating environmental quality and detecting environment. We used the methods of single factor toxicity test to detect the acute toxicity effects of plumbum and chromium on M. anguillicadatus, observed their toxic symp- toms, counted the death ratios, educed the regression equations and computed the median lethal concentrations and the safety concentrations under seven concentration grads. The loaches begin to die after 16 h in plumbum with high concentration and after 10 h in chromium with high concentration With the increasing concentration and exposure time of two heavy metals ,their toxicity effect to M. anguillicadatus increased. The LCso of plumbum for 24,48,72, and 96 h were 944.06,909. O1,868.96 and 818.46 mg/L,respectively, and the SC was 253.60 mg/L;while the mean LCso values of chromium for 24,48,72, and 96 h were 703.07,676.08,610.94 and 516.42 mg/L, respec- tively,and the SC was 187.56 mg/L. Both plumbum and chromium had high toxicity to M. anguillicadatus, and chromium had higher toxicity than plumbum . The toxicity of two heavy metals should be paid much attention to.