南昌市中华按蚊传疟作用定量研究

Quantitative study on malaria transmission by Anopheles sinensis in Nanchang city

目的了解当地疟疾媒介按蚊传播效能,分析按蚊潜在传疟能力,为当地疟疾监测、预警及防治提供科学依据。方法选取南昌市疟疾发病率最高的进贤县罗溪镇为中华按蚊调查点,现场调查获取中华按蚊的叮人率、人血指数、经产蚊比率、叮人习性和感染性蚊的预期寿命等参数,结合调查期间的平均气温数据,求得中华按蚊媒介能量和基本繁殖率。结果 2015年6-10月南昌市进贤县塔岗寺下村中华按蚊的叮人率依次为5.075 76、3.560 61、8.121 21、2.045 45和0.878 79;感染性蚊的预期寿命依次为0.815 05、2.917 78、2.203 39、0.786 45和0.003 23 d;平均叮人习性为0.018 4;媒介能量为0.075 22、0.230 87、0.505 25、0.017 16、0.000 04;基本繁殖率为0.451 31、1.385 21、3.031 49、0.102 95、0.000 21,其中7、8月份的基本繁殖率高于临界水平。结论当地疟疾传播能力较低,潜在间日疟的流行或暴发的可能月份为7、8月份。

Objective This study was conducted to understand the transmission potential of local malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis, and provide the scientific basis for malaria surveillance, early warning, prevention and control. Methods The field investigations on malaria vectors were carried out in the town of Luoxi, Jinxian county, where the malaria incidence was the highest. The vector capacity and basic reproduction rate of Anopheles sinensis were obtained based on the man-biting rate, the human blood index, the parous rate of anophelines, the blood preference,the life expectancy of infected mosquitoes, and the data of mean temperature in the area from June to October 2015. Results During the period from June to October 2015, at Sixia village of Luoxi town in Nanchang city, the man-biting rate,life expectancy of infectious mosquitoes and vector capacity of Anopheles sinensis were 5.075 76, 3.560 61,8.121 21, 2.045 45 and 0.878 79, 0.815 05, 2.917 78, 2.203 39, 0.786 45 and 0.003 23, 0.075 22,0.230 87,0.505 25,0.017 16 and 0.000 04, respectively,while the basic reproduction rates were 0.451 31,1.385 21, 3.031 49,0.102 95 and 0.000 21, respectively. In additiontothis, the survey also showed that the average blood preference of Anopheles sinensis was 0.018 4 and the basic reproduction rate in July and August were higher than the critical level. Conclusion Local malaria transmission capacity was low; vivax malaria epidemic or outbreak would likely occur in July and August.