中国哲学史上最早的“自由观”——庄子现代诠释的重要进路及其反思

The Earliest View of Freedom in the History of Chinese Philosophy——The Approach of Modern Interpretation of Zhuangzi's Philosophy,and Its Rethinking

对庄子"自由观"的发现与诠释,是中国传统学术向现代学术转型的重要个案。庄子"自由观"是庄子根本的哲学精神。中国现代学界对庄子哲学精神理解诠释有两种进路:一是从"自然""无为"见出"自由""平等";一是从"逍遥""齐物"发现"自由""平等"。文章在梳理分析两种进路的基础上,对庄子现代诠释之进路及方法进行反思:庄子哲学现代化何以可能?文章提出:庄子哲学现代化要得以实现,取决于能在庄子哲学中发现和提炼出"现代性问题",取决于对庄子哲学中"现代性问题"有效而充分的学理性阐释。重要的是,要有跨文化的宏阔视野与比较哲学的阐释眼光,要努力形成具有时代感的庄子哲学诠释形态。

The discovery and interpretation of Zhuangzi＇s view of freedom is an important case for the transition from Chinese traditional academics to modern academics. The view of freedom is the core idea of Zhuangzi＇s philosophy. China＇s modern academia has two approaches for understanding and interpreting Zhuangzi＇s philosophy. First, from his philosophy of spontaneity （ zi ran） and nonaction （wu wei）, freedom and equality can be found. Second, from his philosophy of equality of things（qi wu）and peripateticism（xiao yao） , freedom and equality can also be discovered. Based on the analysis of two approaches, this paper rethinks the approaches and methodology of modern interpretation of Zhuangzi＇s philosophy. In terms of how the modernization of Zhuangzi＇s philosophy can be possible, this paper points out, the realization of the modernization of Zhuangzi＇s philosophy depends on the discovery and extraction of modern questions in his philosophy, and the efficient and sufficient academic interpretation of these modern questions. The most important is that we need to have a broad vision of trans-cuhure and a hermeneutic insight of comparative philosophy, and develop the hermeneutic form of Zhuangzi＇s philosophy with modern features.