正常青少年颅面形态与上气道关系的研究

Relationship between upper airway and cranial-facial growth patterns in adolescents with normal occlusion

目的 :了解正常青少年上气道各部位的形态特征,比较不同生长型青少年上气道形态的差异。方法 :选取正常、恒牙初期样本116例(男52例,女64例)。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对所获得的数字化头影测量数据进行两样本t检验、方差分析,比较不同生长型、不同性别组间上气道矢状径的差异;采用多元逐步回归分析,探讨反映颅面结构的不同指标与上气道形态的相关性。结果:获得上气道、舌骨及颈椎的相关测量指标共30项。其中,反映上气道矢状径的4项指标鼻咽气道间隙(PNS-UPW)、上口咽气道间隙(U-MPW)、下口咽气道间隙(PAS)、喉咽气道间隙(VLPW)在男女之间无显著差异,在高、中、低角各组之间的差异也无统计学意义。相关分析发现,PNS-UPW与颅底角(Ba-SN)、下颌支高度(Ar-Go)呈正相关,而与舌骨颈椎前平面距(H-VL)呈负相关;U-MPW与全颅底长(Ba-N)呈正相关,与软腭长度(PNS-U)呈负相关;PAS与下颌总长度(Ar-Gn)呈正相关,与PNS-U、舌骨蝶鞍距(H-S)呈负相关;V-LPW与H-VL呈正相关,与H-S呈负相关。结论 :初步建立了正常青少年上气道及周围组织形态的均值和变异范围。在正常青少年中,虽然不同垂直骨面型组间青少年上气道形态并无显著差异,但颅面形态仍与上气道结构存在相关关系。

PURPOSE： To investigate the relationship between upper airway and cranial-facial growth pattern among teenagers with normal occlusion. METHODS： The study subjects consisted of 52 boys and 64 girls with normal occlusion. Their cephalometric radiographs were obtained. The sagittal diameter of upper airway was analyzed according to gender and different growth pattern. The relationship of upper airway diameter and cranial-facial formation was evaluated by stepwise regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS： There was no significant difference between male and female about upper airway diameter in teenagers, also no difference was found among different growth patterns. Regression analysis showed that upper airway was associated with some cranial-facial formation parameters. CONCLUSIONS： Although there is no significant difference in the upper airway diameters among different growth patterns, there is still certain association between cranial-facial formation and uooer airwav in adolescents.